The Ability of Yeast to Ferment Sugar Molecules

All cells need to prolong a constant nada supply. The two processes by which this energy is attained from photosynthetic materials to form adenosine triphosphate are cellular respiration and tempestuousness. (Hyde,2012). Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. (Reece et al. 2012). When the body is deprived of oxygen it will then begin to meet its energy require by means of the slow process of turmoil. In our lab we investigated alcoholic fermentation by using yeast, which bottom flourish in an low energy environment in anaerobic conditions.In this lab our goal was to bump the rate at which yeast will ferment different sized molecules of carbohydrates. In order to run our experiment we made use of water, glucose, sucrose, and stiffen. It was hypothesized that glucose, sucrose, then starch would all be used to turn energy during fermentation. Being that glucose is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide, we predicted that glucose would be fermented or so quickly. This hypothesis was made based on the idea that glucose is the cells main fountain of energy in aerobic cellular respiration. The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis which breaks down glucose for energy.We predicted that sucrose would ferment second to glucose since it is a larger molecule composed of glucose and fructose. Finally, we predicted that starch would ferment extremely slow behind all of the other carbohydrates. METHODS AND MATERIALS On October 31, 2012 in the lab of Greenfield lodge College my lab partners, Madeline Hawes, Timothy Walsh and I conducted the following experiment in order to test the effectiveness of yeasts business leader to ferment different carbohydrates. We first filled 6 small flaskfuls with 75 ml of water and 5 drops of hydroxybenzene red to each flask.Four of these were denominate with the resolving that would feed into them and the other two with falsify and the be with increased CO2. The color of ox ybenzene red is orangish-pink when there is a neutral pH present. As degree Celsius dioxide is released into this solution from the release of the gas from the yeast filled flasks, the solution turns a light yellow indicating a weak acid. We measured out four weigh boats of 2 grams each of starch and then added 2 grams to each of 4 labeled flasks of 50 ml water, 50 ml Glucose solution, 50 ml Sucrose solution, and 50 ml Starch solution respectively.All of these had been stored in incubators to maintain an optimal temperature of 35 degrees celsius. We put these flasks into our abase which we made into a water bath. We then drained and added hot plate warmed water from a 1000 ml beaker we kept heated in order to maintain the optimal temperature of 35 degrees celsius nigh the flasks. We swirled the large flasks to mix the solutions and yeast as they sat in the water bath. The flasks containing the yeasts solutions were then stoppered with film over straws and tubings and their exten ding tubes placed into the matching labeled smaller flasks adjacent to the sink.I blew through a straw into the flask labeled increased CO2. The phenol red detected the presence of CO2 turning the solution yellow. The control flask was left as a comparison for the remaining yeast filled tubes feeding into the other flasks of phenol red and water. RESULTS We recorded our first observations at 10 minutes. Just as we hypothesized, the yeast and water experience no change. In the glucose solution flask, the glucose molecules were being quickly mixed-up down and forming a frothy head, displace a bubble of CO2 through the tube every 2 seconds while turning the phenol red to a light orange.The sucrose solution was bubbling every three seconds and also had morose light orange. At 10 minutes there was no reaction in the Starch solution. The last mentioned data remained consistent with our hypotheses. The glucose solution at 20 minutes was very frothy and bubbly and had morose the phen ol red a very light yellow with a consistent bubble through the tube every second indicating a strong presence of CO2. The sucrose, too, had turned light yellow and had ceaseless bubbles every 2 seconds. The starch had a rare bubble with no noticeable change in the phenol red solution.At the last(a) check in of 40 minutes both the glucose and sucrose had fermented most of the yeast and slowed down on bubbling. The glucose fluid had the most bubbles occuring. The starch was a lighter pink with micro change in the levels of froth in the yeast solution. The water solution still remained completely unchanged. watchword Our hypotheses were supported through illustrating that all forms of sugar do provide energy and that glucose, being the smallest molecule, was the most efficient. The control tube contained no sugar and therefore produced no energy. A source of sugar is necessary for glycolysis and fermentation to occur.The strongest presence of carbon dioxide was in glucose, indica ted by the bubbles which are a by-product of ethanol fermentation. The rate of fermentation in sucrose was second to glucose and Starch was the least effective at providing a sugar to clear energy. The large polysaccharide was difficult for yeast to break down to create the necessary energy that would produce carbon dioxide. Glucose is the most efficient sugar as it is a small monosaccharide which is already the source of energy for the Glycolysis cycle. The largest possible source of error in our experiment is the time in which each solution began its fermentation process.We added the yeast into each flask containing the sugar solutions at staggered times. If this experiment were to be repeated it would be more precise to have four people pour in the yeast and swirl at the exact same time and then stopper the solutions. The only minor inconsistency would be the step of yeast that was spilled or left in the weigh boats. This could create a discrepancy in the final results. Through this lab I understoodd that in times of oxygen deprivation the body can still function through the process of fermentation.The yield of 2 ATP molecules is enough to keep muscles contracting for a short period of time when oxygen is scarce. Through the fermentation process NAD+ is regenerated as pyruvate is broken down to CO2 and ethanol. This allows the anaerobic production of 2 ATP molecules. (Reece et al. 2012). In essence, keeping cells alive that may otherwise die without the energy to provide for muscle contractions of the heart.LITERATURE CITED Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey, and Campbell. , Biology concepts & connections. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA. Pgs. 100-101 Hyde, A. October 31, 2012