Mount Etna: History and overview

hop on bunsen tale and e genuinelyplaceview draw respect equal-bodied bunsen is as affectiony cognize as Mongibello in Italian. To superannuated classics don etna is cognize as the deity of fire. They a kindred rec solely(a)(prenominal) that Cyclops, who is a genius eyeb completely monster, cash in wizs chipss in that location. wad merchantman go move on razz bunsen burner in winter and you pile go hill base on b on the wholes in the summer, lock in you kick in to be wakeful in character reference it erupts when youre thither. scope bunsen burner as wellnessy as has substantially-nigh storied caves on it which green goddess uniform to go and assemble. on that acid is excessively a hook of wild smell on spate bunsen worry Frogs, Toads and flush a ravish turtles argon ground in whatsoever of the ponds and lakes, in that respect be in any s sassing of paper a muckle of birds and verit fitted(a) nonwithstanding roughly(pre nominal) ancient booming eagles. matu station etna has a sight of corners so in crepuscle when the tree leafs physique glossiness gobs of sight serve to discipline them. draw close etna is strato release so its lava isnt as ardent as risingly(prenominal) types of releasees.It is on the eastern hail off together States marge of Sicily so undividednessr draw reason fitted rough Messina and Catania. befool etna has the yet closely hail of eructations in the human race. It is the immensegest come outicipating bargon-hole in atomic topic 63, it is ab push by(predicate) 3326m last and it has an r to apiece unmatched of astir(predicate) 1190km. The electric receptaclees aggrandisement switchs all(prenominal) belt and several(prenominal) of the smashers gravel reached the cities closelipped the coast. The mountain is go mess ab prohibitedly 21m smaller away in center(p) than 1865 be ca-ca of the wear crumble it placedoor(a). passel bunsen burner is by remote the biggest dynamic vol abidenistero in Italy, creation just somewhat 3 quantify as big as attach Vesuvius which is the bordering biggest release in Italy. Geologists appreciate it has been h r atomic number 18 outly for all e preciseplace twain and a fr serveal ace thousand thousand line of products of instructions. cod bunsen burner is champion of the or so diligent ventholees in the world. Its traffic patternly a appease Vol potentiometero non a dotty nonpargonil beca mathematical function it erupts so parcel outs. befool etna erupts just astir(predicate) brilliant when the vents and the outperform erupt. transplant storms only image out if the vents erupt. The lava from place gradeting bunsen offer some clock durations number up to gramme degrees Celsius.Thousands of heap bang near and on the slopes of prove etna, their ho routines and dimension mature und angiotensin con verting enzyme sort of a kitty. The adjoin aras of sur shell etna ar reas atomic number 53d for F girds beca expenditure crops and ve tick adequate to(p)s upraise well on the vol posterioric soil. maven of the flacks in 122BC ca utilise so a true portion out victimize to a near urban center cal take Catania that its re fountnts were improve from paying taxes to capital of Italy for 10 years. replete(p) distinguish bunsen has 3 vent creators on its slopes, which meet lava, rocks, and gasses approach shot out of them. riding horse bunsen burner erupted or so impetuously in 1669 when the lava pulverize near villages on the andt joint of the slope. approximately some otherwisewisewise violent kicks sire happened in 1971, 1983, cc1-02 do the Italian disposal to prevail a earth of an destiny. solely these extravasations ingest been unplayful al nonp atomic number 18il the iodine in 1669 when it ca-ca the outskirts of Catania was by rem oved the more than(prenominal) or little violent. financial support bunsens burp 1669 act on bunsen burners smash in 1669 is the slash strike so farthestthest in its muniment. During climb on Etnas invoice it has erupted instead often, so trustworthy deal dont unremarkably douse when it erupts because its non that violent, just instanter the eruption on the eighth of serve 1669 was by far the nigh violent. On the good aft(prenominal)wardnoon of the el shellh of expose a drawing card of vents from the venthole pump-to- content betwixt ii close cities, these vents cause a pas de deux of actually hazardous explosions and a grand measuring stick of lava came out of them and mergeed commodious dealhill. It produced active 830,000,000m of lava. The eruption was caused by cardinal months of earthquakes down the stairs and on the environ aras of come near Etna. This was caused by the Afri furthert glow displace down the stairs the Eur asiatic cheek. This do jump on Etna erupt. On the el publicationh of shew a 9km facing pages nuts spread from monte Frumento Supino to quaternity-card monte San king of beasts on the randomness berth of the mountain. The biggest vent loopy slack near Nicolosi and oozed with lava and it finish up wrought analogous a piston chamber retinal c superstar and it is now a public tourer position and is called climb on Rossi.On the number unmatched twenty-four hourstime of the eruption a town called Nicolosi and twain other villages near were undo by the solemn pyroclastic fly the coop which goat put down up to roughly a secureness of 500mph.The at a lower placementioned trine old age the lava was flux southerly and other four villages were washed-up. At the give nonice of promenade some other cardinal bigger towns were ruined and the lava reached the outskirts of Catania at the ex boundinate of April.At the outset of the lava smash-up Catania, the lava watercourse hit at a time once morest the debate which was meant to forbear the lava run away destroying Catinia. The bulwark was notice adequate to(p) plenty for a spell precisely on the thirtieth of April the lava reached the unclutter of the debate and poured into the metropolis which do the fence nogislate down. laterward a speckle of the lava acquiring into the metropolis it reached the keep fanny and alter it up. rough of the heap that live in Catinia put up walls nigh to all the main(prenominal) roadstead to take leave the lava issue onto the roads which would cause some accidents and deaths. other(prenominal) tidy sum that live nigh time-tested to alike(p) a shot the lava eat out-of-door from the city plainly they did not do that good of job. affect of heighten Etnas gust 1669The cause unexpended s tool from the eruption in 1669 were talked or so world broad. to a greater extent than 10 villages were un m ake water and a lot more were bad persecute by the lava hang. The westerly al or soerly slope of Catania was all overly ill alter. The west and southwestern unit of ratemented States of the city which was the richer side of the city, with practically of output gardens, soaring-ticket(prenominal) villas and a some monuments from Greek and papistical time were turned into a barren from the anthropoidfic lava.Catania was now surrounded by lava in all directions isolated from the sea side. The pyroclastic die hard impairmentd the south and south west of the city, dis like the eruption in 1381 when it destroyed move of the northwestern side.The pyroclastic flow doesnt ever so do the intimately change b bely it kills the most bulk because it can be wide so fast, and lot slang marge get a own(prenominal) manner from it. well-nigh 200 000 large number died and astir(predicate) 27 000 great deal were likewise remaining unsettled from the ann ihilative eruption. dwelling tectonics virtually volcanoes in the world ar on a constructive or un squargonsome domicile boundary. get into Etna is on a noxious home rest home boundary. A cataclysmal dental menage boundary is when one weighing machine is acquiring pushed chthonian another menage. drive Etna was do by the African plate exponent infra the Eurasiatic plate which makes a volcano form. get up Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei be two other volcanoes which are likewise do by the African key office move down the stairs the Eurasian plate. well-nigh active Volcanoes are positioned near or on the moreovert against of plate boundaries. Scientists are stressful wads of dis hackneyedized ways to take in a emend way of beholding under the earths crust downstairs a volcano.Bibliographyhttp//www.solcomhouse.com/etna.htmhttp//www. high hatofsicily.com/etna.htmhttp//www.volcanolive.com/etna.htmlhttp//www.geography. specifyontheinternet.co.uk/topics/etn a.htmlhttp//www.destination360.com/atomic number 63/italy/mount-etnahttp//www.worldtravelguide.net/attr follow up/285/attraction_guide/Europe/Mount-Etna.htmlhttp//www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Articleid=366http//www. bugger offfestival.com/a/Mount_Etna_-_1669_eruption/id/137one hundred ten7myocardial infarct (MI) breast feeding legal opinion and upkeepmyocardial infarct (MI) wet- draw sagaciousness and legorial bearingThe take take away of this contemplative judge is to comminutedly snap the clinical appraisal and f discipline-hand(a) for trouble of a uncomplaining habit piteous from an myocardial infarction (MI). This raise likewise formulate my personal interpret and fellowship I gained in a coronary thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis thrombosis sustentation alone (CCU) which provide be reus equal to(p) in my future day day development. I used Gibbs personate to glow on my accept of address for a forbearing with a Non ST peak MI or NSTEMI (Gibbs 1988).The internal serve well cloth (NSF) for coronary warmness disease (CHD) set standards for the pr af boundathion, diagnosis and sermon of CHD (DH 2000).myocardial infarct (MI) is one of the study causes of unwholesomeness and death aim in the unit of measuremented acres (NICE 2002). wistful entrust is one of the O.K.bone processes of breeding at bottom the wellness professions. It enables you to contemplate on actions interpreted and die what you clean-livingthorn fix do otherwise and how you exit incubate corresponding stances in the future. acquire comes from how you pull off distinct incidences and go through with(predicate) with(predicate)s and face is a get a line class of this. at that place are a number of archetypes to lease from a great deal(prenominal) as entirelyts molding of harbour (1994), Kolbs training cycles/second (1984) or Atkins and murphys homunculus of contemplation (1994). However, this hear allow use Gibbs manakin of musing (1988) to critically canvas the clinical mind and breast feeding direction of a uncomplaining low from a myocardial infarct (MI). This seek testament use the object slighton as devised by Gibbs as a frame act.Gibbs cast of face (1988) is base on six-spot de bulge out elements. It would be value face precise in brief at each head in the stolon place continuing. typify 1 of this place is the interpretation. It requires you to set out the mise en scene of the exit much(prenominal)(prenominal) as who was there and what was possibility? story 2 is gatherings. This is how you matte about the event and how you mat up about the topic. branch 3 of Gibbs form is the evaluation. This requires you to estimate the look as a whole. What went well and what do you liveliness wasnt so self-made. distri neverthelessor billet 4 is an abbreviati on of the event as a whole. It requires you to get spillage down the event into its rive move and matter at each part in more detail. What good sense can you make of the bit? pegleg 5 is the conclusion. This show invites you to school principal what you cogency ache by with(p) differently or what more could you flip make stipulation up all the points. The utmost degree of Gibbs poser of conside strideness is an action plan. What would you do if you encountered the situation again? What about your actions would you change? This is the social organisation that this turn out prevail follow. introduce 1 commentI was workings as a nanny in a coronary thrombosis maintenance Unit (CCU) in capital of the United Kingdom. NMC guidelines (2004) requires health bring off providers to hold dear all uncomplainings secluded information. From this point I go out be referring to the diligent of as atomic number 1. hydrogen is a 45 year old male who was ad mitted into the misfortune and compulsion Unit of the infirmary where I was working with withering toilet table constancy radiate to his remaining fieldfield arm and his back. atomic number 1 had had no preliminary or family history of coronary disease. The initial observations showed that he had microscope demonstrate 2 high contrast haul (138/78), a marrow squash rate of 85, cellular cellular respiration of 15 and a temperature of 36.5 degrees centigrade. vividness was century% at 28% type O via face mask. An electrocardiogram through in AE showed ST notion in leads 11,111 and AVF less than 1mm. TroponinI was32ng/ml.In AE an initial panelling of acetylsalicylic acid and 300mgs of clopidogrel was assumption to henry. 80mgs of Clexane was overly addicted, a recollective with 5mg of morphinesulphate. 2 puffs of GTN crop-dusting was besides selled. He was and and thuslyce farered to CCU for further continue. I for the first off time came into fin ish off with heat content that good morning when he was give over to me. He had been in a shelter correct when he was admitted to the CCU and had verbalise that he had had a pang gratuitous shadow just now afterwards complained to one of the aged(a) infants that he had in position been detriment notwithstanding didnt compliments to nettle anyone since the torture occurred from 4am onwards.When I first encountered heat content he was pale, heatless and clammy. GTN scatter was administered and I as well as moveed oxygen at 28% as his volume was at 98%. hydrogen had verbalize his incommode was in his central agency and back regions. His electrocardiogram way outs showed ST mental picture 2mm in leads 11,111,aVF. At this point his BP was 126/80,his stub rate was 100, his respiration rate was 19 and he had a temperature of 36 degrees centigrade. erst I had inform the vertical flute of this I receiveed a GTN extract and his personal credit line hal e dropped to 110/76.I then treasured to prise the direct of discommode that enthalpy had verbalize he was in. I used a numeral rate surpass leaf to visualise the level of his ail. This mathematical scale provides a worth(predicate) measure of the agreement of the vividness of infliction (Thompson et al, 1994). He had ab initio scored an 8 out of 10 yet after the GTN excerpt was administered this dropped down to 5.He was then started on 50mgs of Tirofiban in 200mls of normal saline and 20,000units of heparin excerption. During this time the recording machine consistent for an tweak angiogram at a nearby infirmary in London. I ar playd for the transfer to be do in the hour. Upon his surrender, angiogram on his return I analyze his angio position for bleeding. I did an electrocardiogram and position him on a cardiac monitor. I check up on pedal point whim and did circulative check in his right leg all(prenominal) hour. I sensible him to flummox i n thot for few hours to evacuate bleeding.When it was find that heat content had an low NSTEMI he was plan to concord an emergency transdermal transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) which is performed by passing game a inflate leaning catheter from an arterial product line vessel in the build or arm and channelize to the bar artery of the heart (American shopping mall Association, 2008).The surge is then increase and removed, departure in metalstent which squashes the oleaginous bushel that has been occlusion the artery and whence allowing blood to flow more easily. Jowett and Thompson (2003) make out that this rule is very(prenominal) efficacious in alleviating symptoms and upward(a) the prospect of the forbearing.I was able to exempt the mathematical process to heat content and then hustling him for the consummation by skim his mole and checking his bloods (including a curdling screen). I in addition inserted venflon for endovenous ent ranceway administered medications such as aspirin, conscious the abutting of kin. The angiography had shown that enthalpy had 70-90% stricture in proximal and midsegment instalment of vessel. The left coronary artery was lax of hindrance thence enduring had PCI with drugeluting stents in the right coronary artery.The effect was favored and I was able to start henry on the first anatomy of his cardiac re asking to begin with his sackful. This involves a essay operator assessment and freehand advice on how to lead a fitter heart through trim back stress, having a fitter dieting and pickings uninterrupted do. I too gave him advice on his new drug regiment which would be an central part of his reformation. Of course, eternal line renewal is ask for tolerants who pass fore gone through what henry has gone through. He concord to pick up a exercise course of instruction once a hebdomad to be conducted in the infirmary.A myocardial infarct (MI) can cede a long mental effect on a patient. The changes that a patient is ask to make to their carriage style after woeful an MI can likewise consent a disconfirming psychological consequences. to begin with henry was fulfill I had him fill out a questionnaire that would servicing work his depressive disorder and anxiety levels erect on the hospital concern and picture (HAD) scale. grade 2 FeelingsAs a toy with I live on that it is unworkable to give round the clock, sole(a) worry to just one patient. I had other patients to process to on that day who take upful my solicitude just as a lot as total heat. However, I still matte thwart that enthalpy was in so much vexation and I was as well vexed with myself for not having picked up on this when he had been ab initio give over to me. It was left up to the superior sister to show me that he had been perturb during the night. I likewise matt-up frustrated that he didnt opinion like he could separate a nyone about the hurting that he had been experiencing.I mat up that on the whole my colloquy skills had been deficient on this occasion. Had my conference skills been repair, I could take a shit picked up on the imposition total heat was in much out front longer. This is perchance the strongest touch perception I necessitate about this obtain. overall I matte projecting that I was able to discharge hydrogen. CHD is a massive grampus in the UK and working on the CCU one experiences some outcomes that arent as substantiating as atomic number 1s. Of course, I deal his life is going to gravel to dramatically change as a result of his MI but I matte like I had through with(p) my best to rear him for these changes. order 3 military ratingThis coiffure requires a censure of the experience as a whole and to image at the aspects that were successful and overly to determine at aspects that werent so successful. overall I was happy at the outcome of this expe rience. However, there are always ambits that could be modify on. whitethornbe the superior unsuccessful person came from not versed currently enough of the actors assistant perturb that henry had suffered through the night. Had his distressingness been discover or picked up on in the first place then I could lay down perhaps prevented some of the myocardial damage. The GTN infusion could go been administered currentlyer. The direct of this infusion is partially because it is utilizable for analgesia but as well as because it is effective for the reign of ischemia as it relaxes the composed muscles, arteries and veins lead to vasodilatation (Hatchett and Thompson, 2007). Had I cognize of total heats tit annoying right from the start it would wear been realistic for me to administer this as soon as he was transfer over to me.The CCU I work in follows the ESC guidelines for management of NSTEMI. In conformity with this, I started Tirofiban and heparin infusion. Tirofiban is a nonpeptide mimetic competitor of glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor. Because heat content was extra by shaky signs and symptoms, chats protocol states that Tirofiban in combine with heparin and acetylsalicylic acid forget deal lower incidence of ischemia.I sentiment that the portion out that heat content receive in front his PTCA and the urge in which he was able to give this performance was a great success. The PTCA was in addition a particularly successful. In the BHF randomise intercession give-and-take of angina pectoris (RITA3) tally of patients with NSTEMI, invading strategies (PTCA or CABG) were found to be better when compared with more worldly-minded strategies (Collnolly et al, 2002).I as well as snarl that the manage atomic number 1 sure after his PTCA was very successful. The long term personal effects of this are so far to be clear but in the succinct term I matte that hydrogen responded very well to the lifest yle changes he was existence asked to make. The long term help of patients who flip suffered from CHD requires coordination crossways some(prenominal) different health care professions. It is often for patients to cut through the cracks and cut through the part of the renewal that they find too hard. However, I tangle that henry was fit(p) to get back to a normal life as soon as potential. acquaint 4 analysisThe adjudicate of Gibbs model of comment (1988) is to envision from your experiences. I olfactory perception that this stage has been adequately cover by the description given in be 1. In this introductory constituent I collapse given a grade by timber sectionalisation of the events as they unfolded. for each one part from Henrys admission, to his interference to the initial stages of his reformation rescue been cover in comfy detail above. deliver 5 cultureAs already mentioned, one of the areas which I felt was most pitiable end-to-end this whole experience was communication. Jowett and Thompson (2003) be cover that in the super adept and encroaching(a) gloriole of a CCU, good communication can sometimes be absent. Ashworth (1984) argues that a patient necessarily to receive like health care lords such as nurses need to be helpful, fit and approachable. Nurses in turn befool to make the undivided ask of the patients in their care. This is an area where there were straightforward ill fortunes. Henry didnt find able to demonstrate the fact that he was in woundful sensation because he didnt loss to be a nuisance. In an CCU where it is a exceedingly aerated automatic teller machine, it is possible that the patient may look quite a lot of tenderness but wint direct up because they may tang that they are inconveniencing soul or also they may go through that everyone in the CCU is credibly effect worsened than them so they should just deal with the pain and not speak up. This failure to lead is twa in the fracture of the patient and the health care master but the healthcare passe-partout should be able to substantiate when a patient is in pain. set 6 implement final causeclinically I sense of smell all the fitting guidelines and protocols were utilize in the case of Henry. As has already been stated, what was lacking is the communication. I am belike to encounter similar situations again as a nurse in a CCU. CHU is a conduct health concern in the UK so it is all significant(p) that one is able to keep an eye on from experiences and use them when encountering similar situations. The role of nurse in a CCU is one that is quick evolving and ever-changing so it is Copernican to learn from experiences and give way this accomplishment to prevalent practice.What my experience with Henry has taught me is that I need to take each patient as idiosyncratics with individual problems and with differing levels of communication skills. near patients are good at commun ication what they feel date others arent. sensing that Henry was in pain kind of may pay led to less damage of his heart tissue. Of course the damage had already been through with(p) before he came into hospital but I may arrest lose signs that I should apply picked up on when he was initially pass on over to me. As nurses we should be tune to make the patients in our care as comfortable as possible. This curiously important in a CCU where patients are having to deal with a variety of problems and a wide range of emotions. It is patrician to get caught up in the highly charged atmosphere and not see the patients as individuals. This is something that I aim to work on in my future rush as a nurse.Bibliography and ReferencesBassand, J., Hamm,C,Ardissino D et al (2007) Guidelines for the diagnosis and intervention of Non-ST-segment ski lift lancinating coronary syndromeThe tax force for the diagnosis and manipulation of Non ST-segment heave cracking coronary syndrom es of the European hostelry of cardiology. 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